Weather has always mattered to humankind. Our life quite often directly depends on what is going on outdoors. The climate is very important for humans because its condition and ongoing processes have an impact on not only day-to-day life and the economy but also politics. The great migrations of peoples were largely caused by worsening climatic conditions.
In principle, all that occurs in the atmosphere follows the laws of thermodynamics and resembles a gigantic thermal pump. Air is heated at equatorial latitudes and then moves to polar areas. The rotation of our planet makes the air shift, and the collisions of warm and cold air masses produce atmospheric fronts that form cyclones and anticyclones, low- and high-pressure areas, respectively. The former bring along rains and snowfalls, the latter sultry dry weather in the summer and severe cold in the winter. A number of factors essentially affect the overall picture. Local topography has a considerable effect on the regional climate. Latitudinal mountain ranges hinder the cold air. For this reason, the Northern Caucasus, which is more to the north than Washington, is almost subtropics, while the mountain-free Florida may even see snowfalls in spite of being geographically located almost in the tropics. Likewise, the icy winds of Antarctica may kill the crop of coffee in Brazil. The warm Gulf Stream current, which the Earth rotation causes to veer towards Europe, makes Murmansk an ice-free port, while the more southern Greenland is covered with thick ice.
Although this climatic changeability is of a regional nature, it embraces enormous areas. Yet the history of our plants also knows global-scale changes. Geologists and paleontologists have found there were no cold polar areas on the Earth in the Cretaceous period. There are grounds to suggest that Antarctica was as humid and warm as the Amazon basin is now. Same for the northern hemisphere. What is now the Arctic Ocean was in fact a warm sea. But then the global cooling began. Glaciers kept advancing and retreating. The last glacial period occurred after humans had already emerged. And now we are witnessing a warming – a new global climate change.
The temperature of surface air has risen by almost one degree since the late 19th century. One should not ignore this seemingly negligible value. This has caused the ocean to rise by 15 cm. Academics believe that this process is going to further increase, and the ocean level will show a several-meter rise by the mid-22nd century. This will be a disaster for insular states, such as the UK, Japan, or Indonesia. And not only for them: the coastal areas of continents will also be in danger. This applies, above all, to north-western Europe, Scandinavia, Canada, China. But this is not the only thing that the warming is bringing along. The coastal areas will be flooded over, while the inland climate will become drier, thus contributing to desertification. Arable land will radically shrink. This will exacerbate the already acute food problems. Therefore, global warming may lead to a planetary-scale catastrophe.
The future woes were very quickly blamed on carbon dioxide. The word was seized with anti-carbon hysteria – terrifying pictures of the death of all living creatures caused by a thinned ozone layer and the so-called ozone holes. It was warm on the planet when the content of carbon dioxide in the air was much higher. Sounds good, indeed. But then politics came. Summits were held, declarations and agreements were signed on reducing emissions to the atmosphere. Alternative sources of energy are being sought. Some did and still do cash in on this hysteria, for example, by replacing Freon in fridges and spray bottles with allegedly non-hazardous gases. The content of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is really rising, but should we put the blame on humankind only? There were far greater emissions of this gas into the air when man, in the current meaning of the word, had not yet appeared on Earth. Who then polluted the atmosphere on such a scale with such a despised gas?
Such problems as climate change have no simple solutions. Obviously, reducing emissions to the atmosphere is always a good thing. Man’s influence on the environment should be minimized. But there already have been reports that global warming does not boil down to the greenhouse effect or to the thinning of the ozone layer. These latter seem to be the result of other, profounder, factors. As it often happens in research, other sciences can answer the questions of climatology.
All latter-day academics are convinced that the Deluge really took place, even several times. The traditional stories of the Sumerians and the Bible even speak about 31 deluges. Besides, there were also regional floods that affected vast territories. As such events as global warming and rising water levels occur repeatedly, it means they are caused by recurring processes. It would be a good idea to look into the latter to identify the causes and effects involved.
When we studied basic electrical engineering in high school physics lessons, we saw the model of an electric motor. The wire spiral that rotated in a magnetic field produced an electromotive force, and once the circuit was closed this generated an electric current. Electro-mechanics is the linchpin of scientific and technological progress. All the achievements of today – computers, television, mobile phones and the Internet – will die without electric power. Our planet is also an arena for gigantic electromagnetic processes.
The Earth is a mammoth magnet that attracts and slows down cosmic particles, and then converts their mechanical energy into electric energy. The planet is kind of a special magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) electrical generator. By the principle of reversibility of electrical machines, the planet is also an electric motor. This gigantic MHD generator supplies electric power to the planet’s liquid magma, and contributes to its rotation.
This rotation is not uniform. What is going on in its bowels are transient, not stationary, electromagnetic processes. This causes the Earth to alternately speed up and slow down its rotation. In the latter case, the reduction of the Earth’s angular rotation velocity by one second a year will release enormous energy – about 10 raised to the 14th power kWh. In other words, it is 100,000 billion kWh, which greatly surpasses the amount of any kind of energy humankind can generate.
Our days and nights are getting longer. Astronomers and exact time services added a leap second to the duration of 2008. Yet the energy released as a result of the planet’s deceleration must go somewhere – energy does not disappear but is converted from one type into another.
The solar system moves along a helical spiral. The big and small pitches of the helix are 200-220 million years and 26,000 years, respectively. In every 13,000-year half-cycle, the transverse current excited by the load of the planet’s unipolar motor begins to flow in the opposite direction. This transitional process results in the deceleration of the Earth’s rotation around its axis. Since our Galaxy’s birth the solar system has made several dozens of revolutions along the large helix and hundreds of thousands along the small one.
The transitional process can be divided into three parts. The first is the shortest and most active one, lasting around 500 years. In this period, the planet’s rotation slows down very fast as a result of electromechanical properties. This slowdown, rather than anthropogenic activities, is the main cause of global warming. This stage includes changes in the location of warm and cold zones as well as in the circulation of oceanic currents and in the atmosphere. Global warming raises the ocean’s level, which, together with climate changes, provoked the great migration of peoples. Society emerged when primitive man made a bonfire and took hold of a stick. This occurred about 400,000 years ago. Therefore, with due account of the 13,000-year half-cycle, when Earth’s transverse current reverses its course, we can claim that we are on the eve of another Deluge.
At the second stage, the magnetic field stabilizes, while the electromagnetic torque and the Earth rotation velocity increase. The planet Earth again approaches a regime that is close to a nominal electromechanical condition.
At the third stage, the transitional galactic process will end, thus paving the way to a stable regime, and the planet’s energy balance will be characterized by the conditions of the last few millenniums.
The bulk of the heat is released in the form of liquid magma. The distribution of warm and cold zones on Earth depends on the structure of the planet’s unipolar motor. The magma descends in the equatorial area and, accelerating in the working zone, approaches the lithosphere’s warm areas along helical paths and then descends again to the core in the equatorial area.
The two most important factors – global warming and a westward shift of the warm and cold zones – will be having a variable effect on the whole regions of the northern and southern hemispheres in the nearest decades. The regions not yet affected by the relocation of warm and cold zones will only feel the effect of global warming. In the northern hemisphere, it is Western and Central Europe, Siberia, and the Pacific Coast, as well as Alaska and western North America. In the southern hemisphere, it is South America and Australia.
A cold zone is approaching Scandinavia and north-eastern Europe, so global warming and a shift of cold winter are on a collision course here. With these two factors acting side by side on North America’s western coast, the warming is very noticeable there. Conversely, the southern hemisphere, including New Zealand, is in for a cooling spell very soon.
The transverse current in the Earth’s unipolar electric machine usually affects oceanic currents. For example, according to experimental assessments of the 2002 International Oceanological Congress in London, the intensity of the Gulf Stream has dropped by 20 percent in the past few years. This important event in Europe was also caused by the shifting of warm and cold zones. The decreasing amount of the warm water that flows to the Arctic Ocean adversely affects the ice situation in the western Arctic and reduces the intensity of the Kuroshio cold current that takes the Arctic water away. Therefore, the behavior of the Gulf Stream affects the climatic situation throughout the northern hemisphere.
Changes in atmospheric circulation have caused unheard-of disastrous floods in once quiet regions of Western and Central Europe. Born in the Sahara, southern cyclones flood over Western Europe, tornados more and more often rage over North America. A great deal of energy, including heat, is being released into the atmosphere. What is more, as we have seen above, the release is not uniform on the surface. The laws of thermodynamics demand that thermal potential equalize. Moreover, the higher the potential in one area, the higher is the speed of equalization. The latter will gradually decrease, but the first stages will see a transfer of the huge amounts of thermal energy in the shape of ruinous atmospheric phenomena.
Volcanic activities are more and more shifting to the west along the fault line between the Eurasian and African plates. It may be forecast that there will be more volcanic eruptions and earthquakes in the next few decades, as we have seen in Iceland and Japan.
Let us recall the Strait of Kerch tragedy that caused an environmental disaster whose consequences have not yet been offset. But the storm, caused by a cyclone, measured only four…
Cyclone formation can be divided into three stages. At the first stage, the energy that comes from the Earth’s core forms an invisible vortex of electromagnetic energy. At the second stage, the vortex expands, draws in the huge masses of air, and becomes visible (thunderclouds, precipitations), which is considered the beginning of a cyclone. At the third stage, the cyclone exhausts its energy and ceases to exist. It usually gives way to an anticyclone. Emerging at one of the fault lines, the cyclone moves in the northern hemisphere to the west, spinning counterclockwise. It is supposed that what caused the tragic events in the Strait of Kerch was the cyclone’s energy vortex rather than a routine magnitude-four storm.
Four heavy-duty tankers and bulk carriers that stayed out of the port Kavkaz and six vessels in the port were shipwrecked. Knowing their location, one can assess the coordinates and the path of the cyclonic vortex. Of special importance is ship crew evidence about the course of developments (failure of navigational aids, the chronological sequence of events, etc.). It is also important to compare the events in Rostov oblast and Stavropol Territory (coal mine accidents, ruination of buildings, temporary shoaling of the Volga-Don Canal), which preceded the disaster in the strait.
No sooner had two weeks passed since the Strait of Kerch disaster than another extraordinary event happened — three powerful blasts of methane at the Zasiadko Coal Mine in Donetsk oblast claimed the lives of 107 miners.
If we follow the electromechanical pattern of global climate changes, we must admit that the catastrophic events were caused by the heating of the planet’s magma. Rostov oblast, the Donbas, and the Strait of Kerch is a triangle that hosts the global energy-related processes linked to the galactic transition which our planet has been part of in the past 100 years.
What forecasts can be made on the basis of the electromechanical pattern of climate changes? We are currently living in the first period of global warming (21st -22nd centuries).
The end of the first and the beginning of the second period (23rd century) will see the most difficult stage in the history of global civilization, when water will reach the highest possible level and then there will be a gradual cold spell and a reduction in the ocean level. Various estimates say that the ocean level may rise by 20 to 30 meters.
The planet’s warm and cold zones will change places. The heated flows of magma will be rising in Siberia, northern hemisphere, while the chilled magma will be descending in Europe and the Atlantic. The cold pole will shift to Vologda and the Scandinavia-originated glacier, while the eastern Pacific coast will have a favorable climate. Siberian permafrost will recede to the north by almost 1,000 km, and the forest-taiga will give way to black earth for hundreds of years. In the southern hemisphere, the cold zone will shift to Australia, and the warm zone, where hot magma will be breaking surface – to the Indian Ocean and Southern Africa.
The big oceanic currents will change direction, which will have a still stronger effect on the global climate change and the additional local increases in the ocean level. The changed course of the Gulf Stream will bring the Arctic Ocean’s cold waters to Europe, which will make the climate still colder in this part of the planet. In the Pacific Ocean, the cold currents near the coasts of Kamchatka and in the Sea of Okhotsk will change direction, become warm, and thus break the cold winters of the Far East.
Climate changes will have a most dramatic effect on life in north-western Europe. A protracted cold spell will form a glacier in Scandinavia, which will spread as far as the Central Russian Upland and be subject to the climatic conditions of the transitional process’s second stage. But this will occur in the fourth millennium, i.e., in the 30th-40th centuries.
In 13,000 years, in the 150th-154th centuries AD, there will be another transitional process. The warm and cold zones will come back to the same place where they were before the 20th century.
The electromechanical pattern, as it is now, can only give the general forecast of a likely climate change. More comprehensive research is needed to clarify more in detail the probable picture of changes. Humanity must prepare itself for rather hard times.
