The world business structures will have to select one of the existing instruments of investment into managing of natural resources, otherwise a climate catastrophe will select business. So, whereas between 35 and 45 percent of population will fall victim to the future global change of climate, according to the data of various international experts, the world economy followed by national ones, will “pay” in full for the unjustified overexpenditure of natural resources. These are the most recent conclusions of the UNO Report on Human Development.
The future global warming has long ago ceased to be a scientific hypothesis; now it is an established fact. According to the senior program manager on ecology of the UNO mission in Ukraine Serhii Volkov, according to the experts’ calculations, even a minor change of average annual temperature by two — four degrees Celsius will cause irremediable damages to world agriculture. Some agricultures won’t outlive higher summer temperatures, others will become less efficient to produce. The picture of economic losses will be supplemented by overall dehydration of soil and desertification. Volkov says that clear signs of the process mentioned are already evident. As a result of cardinal crisis in the agrarian sector the financial one will suffer, because overexpenditures of agriculture will have to be paid off at expense of circulating assets and savings. Huge financial fluxes will go for insurance from cataclysms and catastrophes. However, humankind will save money on heating, but it will spends three times more energy for forced cooling than for today’s heating..
Until this dark future has not come, the experts insistently advise the world business community to gradual reduction of emmissions of polluting substances into atmosphere. But whereas the US and the EU are actively implementing mechanisms of ecologically loyal production, Ukraine continues to be the “leader” according to the amounts of environmental pollution. It is known that in our country the largest amount of energy among the European countries is spent for a unit of production, that is why our production has been recognized the less efficient in the world. However, according to the conclusions of the most recent research, our state occupies the sixth place in the world according to production of gases that cause greenhouse effect. In 2007 over 11,000 Ukrainian industrial companies emitted nearly five million tons of polluting substances that is 10 percent higher than an analogical index of 2006..
The statistics proves that the situation is far from improving with each year. Along with this home industrialists have gotten access to the renowned in the world instruments of reequipment aimed at reduction of emmissions. The emmission quota trade may be a variant; Ukraine got the right to use it after the ratification of the Kioto Protocol. The Ukrainian potential of the reserve of the so-called hot air is numbered by 1.5 — two billions of units of the established amount of emmissions that are commercially realized. However, in Volkov’s words, this is the simpliest and the most accessible mechanism of realization of ecological duties which does not guarantee any success in real reduction of emmisions. Besides, neither state, neither management of home companies, nobody will guarantee thet the trade incomes will be used for reequipment of production..
There are two more mechanisms of emmission reduction, defined by the UNO framework convention on fighting the global change of climate: the so-called common implementation and pure development. The mechanism of “pure developement” is the most expensive one, it is applied in Japan, China and some Scandinavian countries. This is an uncompromising implementation of ecologically clean production — this pleasure is far from being cheap. “Common implementation” combines receiving incomes from selling carbon acids with realization of emmission reduction projects. Within the framework of this mechanism, the country buying the quotas takes part in financing of corresponding projects on the territory of another country which has quantitative duties according to the Kioto Protocol. By mid-2007 there were 156 projects of this kind in the world, in particular, Ukraine developed nearly 30 of them. Whereas European projects were developed, the Ukrainian ones were killed “on the initial stage“ by the indifference of the highest echelons of power. Volkov says that the mentioned projects estimated by a total of nearly two million dollars were submitted for the government’s consideration and were “successfully” put on the table..
Instead, the UNO experts consider, in the nearest future Ukraine will have to finish a new mechanism of regulation of emmission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and implement norms of maximum permissable amounts of emmissions from stationary sources. This is a minimum program. The maximum program envisages reduction of the annual emmissions by 25 percent by 2015..
